Should The Death Penalty Be A Type Of Corporal Punishment

As a young child, there is often punishment for wrongdoing. After being told not to follow through with an action, children are often disciplined with a spanking in order to ensure that it does not happen again. When children grow up and become adults, instead of being punished for committing worse actions, they are instead given a slap on the hand and sent to a cell in an institution that provides not only food, but television as well. In order to prevent criminals from believing that committing a serious crime has no severe punishment, the nation should adopt a type of corporal punishment. As adults, we have grown out of spankings from our parents, but that also means that the responsibility for actions has been placed upon our shoulders. Whether it be positive or negative, there is a consequence for every action taken. Therefore, with a negative action a negative consequence should be given. While the death penalty may appear faintly harsh and inhuman, so is the killing of other h umans. With an unpopular vote among the nation, â€Å"the number of inmates put to death in 2014 was the fewest in 20 years† (Von). Referring back to the first paragraph, without punishment a child will continue to acquit themselves in an unacceptable manner since they do not understand that there is anything illicit with their behavior. Unless told not to, adults occasionally behave the same way. For instance, in 1972 John Wojtowicz â€Å"held eight bank employees hostage and threatened to kill themShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Death Penalty: What if Theyre Innocent?928 Words   |  4 PagesThe death penalty has been around for several around for several years but consists of flaws. The death penalty is costly, it does not deter crime, it has not ended wrongful executions, it goes against almost every religion, abuses human rights, has been persuaded by the types of jury, and can be affected by terrible lawyers. The first death penalty in the United States occurred in the early 1600’s. The colonies used public hangings as a deterrent for children and adults. A public sermon wouldRead MoreHarsher Punishment For Child Abusers Essay1442 Words   |  6 PagesHarsher Punishment for Child Abusers There are many children with loving parents and amazing homes, but not all children are that lucky. Some children live in a home where physical, sexual, or emotional abuse is suffered at the hands of their parents, a caregiver, or a trusted adult. Child abuse has been a major problem for decades and is a global problem. Because child abuse is such a global problem, one would think the punishment would be a simple solution – a child abuser should be punished toRead MoreCorporal Punishment Is Defined As The Utilization Of Physical Force1459 Words   |  6 PagesThe term corporal punishment is defined as the utilization of physical force with the intention of causing a child to experience pain, yet not harm, for the purpose of correction or control of the child’s behavior. Seven nations Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway, Austria, Italy and Cyprus-have laws making it illicit for parents to utilize physical discipline on their children. Corporal punishment in schools has been banned in every one of the nations in Europe, South and Central America, China andRead MoreCorporal Punishment And Its Effect On Children1587 Words   |  7 PagesThe term corporal punishment is defined as the use of physical force with the intention of causing a child to experience pain, but not injury, for the purpose of correction or control of the child’s behavior Seven nations Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway, Austria, Italy and Cyprus-have laws making it illicit for parents to utilize physical discipline on their children. Corporal punishment in schools has been banned in every one of the nations in Europe, South and Central America, China and JapanRead MoreRoots Of Us Prisons843 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica currently uses today (Social Welfare History Project, 2012). Initial Forms of Punishment Public shaming, among other punishment options that existed during these times, was one of the most heavily relied upon punishments used. In using this approach, law enforcers hoped to teach a lesson to the offender and also reduce the likeliness of that person committing the same crime. Other very common forms of punishment included the following: placing people in the pillory, cutting off ears, whippingRead MoreTaking a Look at the Death Penalty1195 Words   |  5 PagesDeath Penalty Many criminals who commit murder are sentenced to death for the crimes they have committed. The death penalty is a highly controversial practice and the question that must be raised is: Should society continue to use the death penalty as a punishment for heinous crimes? Currently, this turbulent topic continues to be argued. According to the Death Penalty Information Center, there are already eighteen states that have abolished this archaic form of justice. Our society is movingRead MoreThe Punishment Should Be Legal Punishment1252 Words   |  6 Pagesencroached on others rights or breached the rules that the government has set. As a result from such breaches and unlawful acts, sometimes persons liberty can be taken away as punishment. Since the emergence of penalty institutions, there have been arisen debate about prisons regime and prisoners treatment whether the imprisonment should be as a harsh punitive place where offenders stay in deep darkness, or as rehabilitation place f or offence committers. However, as a result of prisoners human right developmentRead MoreThe American Penal System : The United States Essay1705 Words   |  7 Pagesofficially became a country. Where there is crime, there must be a way to suppress it. That is where prisons come into play. When a person commits a crime, he or she might stay in a prison while awaiting trial and might also stay in a prison as a punishment if that trial does not end in his or her favor. According to The Sentencing Project, as of 2015, the United States’ rate of incarceration was the highest in the world, standing at 698 people per 100,000 people. That means that nearly 2.3 millionRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights : The Rights Of All American Citizens1728 Words   |  7 Pagesunusual punishments inflicted.† This amendment provides American citizens the civil liberty of not having to pay overprice for bails, fines, nor allowing bestial or strange punishments. The 8th Amendment is significant be cause it solves society’s ethical and moral dilemmas regarding cruel and unusual punishments. Some historical issues involved the use of corporal punishment in public schools, and beatings by prison guards. Many have had a controversy on the raging topic of the death penalty, debatingRead MoreShould Corporal Punishment Be Implemented Today?1844 Words   |  8 PagesBringing Back Corporal Punishment in Today’s World To Parent in the United States and the General Public Corporal punishment, a physical means of disciplinary action, has been used throughout most of human history. While it may have been common many years ago, the issue of whether or not this style of punishment should be implemented today is highly debated among many around the world. To define corporal punishment more specifically, it is when a person, child or adult, commits an act that is considered

Math Analysis Math And Math Essay - 975 Words

Having taught math about 10 years, covering grades 5 – 8, I have witness on many occasions that girls stress more about completing math work and math testing than boys. One theory that prompted my research is math assessment performance related to gender, male and female achievement in mathematics. At the elementary school level it is important to know basic math skills because math understanding and ability builds upon if itself. Questions like, Are male and female student evenly matched in math ability and knowledge? Are genders math assessment scores different or the same? Consequently, do females score higher than boys on standardized assessments or is it the other way around? Is there an identifiable gender differences in math performance? What are the attitudes and values when relating to math? These are some question I wish to answer in my research. Review of the assessment scoring data indicates that boys are not scoring that much higher than girls in 6th grade math assessments although girls show signs of stress more often than boys. Stereotypes of girls not scoring as high in math did not prove its self through the research data that I looked at. Gender differences are not as pronounced as a teacher may think. The data indicates that girl’s test score are nearly equal during their elementary school years. The purpose of analyzing the demographic and perception data is to determine if 6th grade boys achieve better math scores than 6th grade girls or are the 6thShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis of the Essay Math and After Math by Lensey Namioka4513 Words   |  19 PagesBefore Reading Math and After Math Essay by Lensey Namioka What are you really GOOD at? RI 1 Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text. RI 2 Determine a central idea of a text and analyze how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details. RI 3 Analyze how the author unfolds a series of ideas or events. RI 4 Determine the meaning of words as they are used in a text. L 5 Demonstrate understanding of word relationshipsRead MoreMath Analysis On The Classroom1448 Words   |  6 PagesIt was eight fifty-five when I entered the lobby of Drexel Plaza to go to my class: Introduction to Math Analysis 101. I walked to classroom fifteen not expecting anything. I never expect anything anyway in an easy math class required for all nursing students. It may have also been because I am a confirmed nerd. In the school setting, people are divided into groups or categories. Students are characterized by a specific characteristic that defines them into a subgroup of school identity and statusRead MoreAnal ysis Of The Book Tyrannosaurus Math 1188 Words   |  5 Pagesplanned relates to a book called Tyrannosaurus Math. The book involves the dinosaurs counting various aspects of their surroundings. For instance the mother counts her baby’s toes and fingers, as well as how many children she has. Prior to reading the book, I will have children brainstorm a list of times throughout their day in which they utilizes counting. What I am trying to do, is get the children to realize that through their day, they are always using math. When they count their money for lunch, orRead MoreAn Analysis Of Math Data On District And School Levels1268 Words   |  6 Pages An analysis of math data from state, district, school, and five fifth grade classrooms yielded the following results. The Asian-Pacific Islander subgroup across all grade levels significantly outperformed all subgroups at the state level. However, at the district level this data will not be considered because there are no Asian-Pacific Islander students. At the district and school levels white students outperformed all subgroups. In the case of Blacks, the state percentage of student masteryRead MoreMath and Music: An Introduction and Mathematical Analysis Essay1182 Words   |  5 PagesMath and Music: An Introduction and Mathematical Analysis Rhythm and Frequency To understand the relation between math and music, the primary step is to study the nature of rhythm, frequency and amplitude. Everything around us has its own pattern of rhythm, from the motion of protons and neutrons, to the beats in rock music. Rhythm is determined by the periodicity of vibration of certain object in its surrounding substance, or medium. The vibration is repeated at a constant time lengthRead MoreAnalysis Of Michal s Favorite Subject Of School Is Math, Because It Comes Natural For Him1292 Words   |  6 PagesMichal’s favorite subject in school is math, because it comes natural for him. He, also loves topics like marketing, and business which is his major. He also grew, up in a family that enjoyed math and was always natural at it. He see’s math as important because it is the core of his major. Although writing and reading will be used as well, in all his classes most of the work he does involves using math and math topics. He enjoys math, solving problems, and numbers. The subject that Michal is leastRead MoreRelationship Between Gender And Math1220 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween genders and math comfortability when controlling for class type? Hypotheses Null Hypothesis (H0): There is no statistically significant relationship between gender and math comfortability when controlling for class type. Alternative Hypothesis (HA): There is a statistically significant relationship between gender and math comfortability when controlling for class type. Variables Independent Variables (IV): Gender coded 0 = Male, 1= Female Dependent Variables (DV): Math comfortabilityRead MoreA Critique Of Research Conducted By Kathleen Kostos And Eui Kyung Shin1553 Words   |  7 Pagesarticle describing this research project is titled: Using Math Journals to Enhance Second Graders’ Communication of Mathematical Thinking (Kostos, 2010). In this study, math journals were used in Ms. Kostos’s second grade classroom to determine if their use would increase the student’s abilities to communicate their mathematical thinking. Research Problem Ms. Kostos is a second grade teacher. During her time as a teacher she has seen the math standards and expectations for students evolve from justRead MoreEvaluation Of A Mixed Methodology1537 Words   |  7 Pagesof data, analysis, and interpretation of results. C. Methods of Data Collection Methods of data collection for this project consisted of 1) pre- and post-assessments of state standard assessments 2) math journals from the students 3) student interviews 4) reflective journal from the teacher-researcher. The first item administered was an identical math assessment at the beginning and end of the study. It was obtained from the Illinois State Board of Education, and focused on a math problem usingRead MoreGraduation Speech : Literature Review1648 Words   |  7 Pagesclassroom of â€Å"math haters.† When I surveyed my class, I found out the majority of my students thought math was boring and hard, and there was a strong dislike of math. While I collected my own data on them as well, via grades and watching how they worked, I realized I had students who excel greatly in mathematics, struggled immensely, and who are average to slightly below average. Realizing the diversity of learners in my classroom and the negative attitudes towards math, I chose to research math workshop

Canadian Human Rights Essay Example For Students

Canadian Human Rights Essay Human Rights Essay Many people and nations around the world are deprived of human rights. The government in the countries or nations usually can not help the people being deprived. Either because the government is too poor to, it is not one of the things the government is looking into, or the government does not know or care. Because of this certain people, or even whole populations are denied human rights and their living conditions and way of life are usually not on the positive side of things. There are many wealthier countries trying to help but sometimes that is not enough. To what extent should Canada have a role in working to increase human rights protection in other nations? Many countries around the world experience great poverty, maybe because the country has little amounts of natural resources or it has never gotten out of a slump that dragged down the economy. The people of the country are affected greatly by this, almost directly, if there are no resources available, people cant work to refine the resources, make or use them. So instead of using the resources available, the country buys the materials needed. This puts the country in debt, along with the people. In order to get out of debt, taxes are raised and people slowly lose their jobs and their money. The affect of that is turmoil, some people blame their misfortune on a certain race or culture, some on a religion. In the case of Germany in 1938, the Jewish race was blamed for the depression. Adolph Hitler agreed with them, and was voted as the ruler of the country. Not even a year later nearly every right of the Jewish people was eliminated, and hundreds of thousands of Jewish people were killed or tortured. Thankfully, the Jewish people and the country of Germany were liberated, and most rights were brought back to affect, because of other countries helping. After the event of WWII the United Nations was created, including Canada, England, France and others, it was created to make and maintain human rights throughout the world. Sometimes the only thing that needs fixing is a new government. But war is not needed to improve and increase human rights in other nations. Even with out war there are still nations and people without human rights; it just needs to be noticed. There are many charities to help towards human rights that Canada contributes to greatly. Including UNICEF Canada, Salvation Army Canada and Red Cross. These charities focus on mainly living rights. The charities contribute mainly food, clothing and medicine. Those are only two given rights. Although it is help for people to live their lives, it does not give them more rights, it is not a solution to increase their human rights and protect them. Lately Canada has done a lot with the United Nations in protecting human rights, including communicating with countries and organizations to increase the rights of women and children. There have been many improvements to their rights and conditions; political prisoners have been freed from the trap they have been trying to get out of for their whole lives, beginning with even their grandparents. There are many de-mining programs also created by Canada, so people that lived in war stricken land can live their lives normally. Canada is one of the wealthiest countries in the world. It has been ranked as the best country to live on four two years in a row. So obviously some things are right with our human rights in Canada; the things that are being done right in Canada should be dittoed in other nations. The Canadian Human Rights Essay Commission (which is operated independently of the government) is making sure that human rights are understood, respected and maintained in Canada. The commission shares human rights expertise with organizations that directly want to create or strengthen human rights commissions in other countries, instead of going directly to the government. Over the past two years Canada has made agreements with Cuba, Indonesia and China on human rights issues, and there is much co-operation and improvements. Cuba has released several hundred political prisoners, one step in helping Cuba to be a more free, open country. .u18653b667939d9c61bbb82fa478c5468 , .u18653b667939d9c61bbb82fa478c5468 .postImageUrl , .u18653b667939d9c61bbb82fa478c5468 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u18653b667939d9c61bbb82fa478c5468 , .u18653b667939d9c61bbb82fa478c5468:hover , .u18653b667939d9c61bbb82fa478c5468:visited , .u18653b667939d9c61bbb82fa478c5468:active { border:0!important; } .u18653b667939d9c61bbb82fa478c5468 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u18653b667939d9c61bbb82fa478c5468 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u18653b667939d9c61bbb82fa478c5468:active , .u18653b667939d9c61bbb82fa478c5468:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u18653b667939d9c61bbb82fa478c5468 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u18653b667939d9c61bbb82fa478c5468 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u18653b667939d9c61bbb82fa478c5468 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u18653b667939d9c61bbb82fa478c5468 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u18653b667939d9c61bbb82fa478c5468:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u18653b667939d9c61bbb82fa478c5468 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u18653b667939d9c61bbb82fa478c5468 .u18653b667939d9c61bbb82fa478c5468-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u18653b667939d9c61bbb82fa478c5468:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: To What Extent Was The French Revolution Caused By Economic Depression EssaySo .

They Call Me Hitler. free essay sample

I stood on my tip-toes with hands clasped behind my back, peering over a sea of bright green; the seemingly endless â€Å"Spirit Line† extended beyond my eyes’ reach. â€Å"One Oh!† they all chanted with pride. The massive spamming on MySpace, Facebook, text, and AIM had succeeded. For the past month, I had turned my garage into a sweatshop. From the afternoon heat until the moonlit nights, my team and I sweated each and every day to compile a skit. Our performance was aimed at one goal to elevate our class spirit. When I glanced into that crowd of cheering seniors, I smiled to myself, seeing how our efforts had inspired the student body to come together, but I quickly come to realization that it wasn’t all accredited to our performance, but rather to the power of the media the internet and the force of widespread communication, which brought upon our triumph. We will write a custom essay sample on They Call Me Hitler. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I often use the media to reach out to my peers, because through the media, I am able to communicate and convey different perspectives to my audience. Most of the time, they don’t realize it, but once I bring up the topic of media influence, they condemn it as ‘evil.’ They call me Hitler. No, not the sadist that slaughtered the Jews, but the master of propaganda. Yet, the media has never had as much control as it does now. It has become a channel of communication a power tool that shapes our views in society and influences our actions. It is everywhere. In order for me to exceed my expectations as the â€Å"dictator† I must be fluent in the media. As I delve into the realms of psychology, visual arts, and marketing, I come to understand more and more about this media. It’s easy to see why so many connote it with evil, because it is a force of influence. But the media in itself is not evil. Indeed, Hitler had used it for devastating purposes, but when the media can bring together so many students and spark their school spirit, it is fair to say that the media is not so evil at all. We live in a media saturated world, a world in which the media constructs and represents reality. I am a member of this world, and a student of this media.

IEP Fraction Goals for Emerging Mathematicians

IEP Fraction Goals for Emerging Mathematicians Rational Numbers Fractions are the first rational numbers to which students with disabilities are exposed. Its good to be sure that we have all of the prior foundational skills in place before we start with fractions. We need to be sure students know their whole numbers, one to one correspondence, and at least addition and subtraction as operations. Still, rational numbers will be essential to understanding data, statistics and the many ways in which decimals are used, from evaluation to prescribing medication. I recommend that fractions are introduced, at least as parts of a whole, before they appear in the Common Core State Standards, in third grade. Recognizing how fractional parts are depicted in models will begin to build understanding for higher level understanding, including using fractions in operations. Introducing IEP Goals for Fractions When your students reach fourth grade, you will be evaluating whether they have met third grade standards. If they are unable to identify fractions from models, to compare fractions with the same numerator but different denominators, or are unable to add fractions with like denominators, you need to address fractions in IEP goals. These are aligned to the Common Core State Standards: IEP Goals Aligned to the CCSS Understanding fractions: CCSS Math Content Standard 3.NF.A.1 Understand a fraction 1/b as the quantity formed by 1 part when a whole is partitioned into b equal parts; understand a fraction a/b as the quantity formed by a parts of size 1/b. When presented with models of one half, one fourth, one third, one sixth and one eighth in a classroom setting, JOHN STUDENT will correctly name the fractional parts in 8 out of 10 probes as observed by a teacher in three out of four trials.When presented with fractional models of halves, fourths, thirds, sixths and eighths in with mixed numerators, JOHN STUDENT will correctly name the fractional parts in 8 out of 10 probes as observed by a teacher in three out of four trials. Identifying Equivalent Fractions: CCCSS Math Content 3NF.A.3.b: Recognize and generate simple equivalent fractions, e.g., 1/2 2/4, 4/6 2/3. Explain why the fractions are equivalent, e.g., by using a visual fraction model. When given concrete models of fractional parts (halves, fourths, eighths, thirds, sixths) in a classroom setting, Joanie Student will match and name equivalent fractions in 4 out of 5 probes, as observed by the special education teacher in two of three consecutive trials.When presented in a classroom setting with visual models of equivalent fractions, the student will match and label those models, achieving 4 out of 5 matches, as observed by a special education teacher in two of three consecutive trials. Operations: Adding and subtractingCCSS.Math.Content.4.NF.B.3.c Add and subtract mixed numbers with like denominators, e.g., by replacing each mixed number with an equivalent fraction, and/or by using properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction. When presented concete models of mixed numbers, Joe Pupil will create irregular fractions and add or subtract like denominator fractions, correctly adding and subtracting four of five probes as administered by a teacher in two of three consecutive probes.When presented with ten mixed problems (addition and subtraction) with mixed numbers, Joe Pupil will change the mixed numbers to an improper fractions, correctly adding or subtracting a fraction with the same denominator. Operations: Multiplying and DividingCCSS.Math.Content.4.NF.B.4.a Understand a fraction a/b as a multiple of 1/b. For example, use a visual fraction model to represent 5/4 as the product 5 Ãâ€" (1/4), recording the conclusion by the equation 5/4 5 Ãâ€" (1/4) When presented with ten problems multiplying a fraction with a whole number, Jane Pupil will correctly multiple 8 of ten fractions and express the product as an improper fraction and a mixed number, as administered by a teacher in three of four consecutive trials. Measuring Success The choices you make about appropriate goals will depend on how well your students understand the relationship between models and the numeric representation of fractions. Obviously, you need to be sure they can match the concrete models to numbers, and then visual models (drawings, charts) to the numeric representation of fractions before moving to completely numeric expressions of fractions and rational numbers.

The True Story of David Ghantt and the Loomis Fargo Heist

The True Story of David Ghantt and the Loomis Fargo Heist SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips On the evening of October 4, 1997, one man loaded $17.3 million in cash from the vaults of Loomis, Fargo Co. into the back of a van. When he was done, the man drove off to a nearby printing press, where the money was distributed into private vehicles amongst a handful of people. Pocketing $50,000 for himself, that man, named David Ghantt, hopped into a car of his own and headed towards Mexico. David Scott Ghantt: Vault Supervisor David Scott Ghantt was the vault supervisor at the regional branch of Loomis, Fargo Co. in Charlotte, North Carolina. Before he decided to steal $17 million from the bank, Ghantt had worked for years as a relatively taciturn and compliant employee. Bubbling under the surface, however, was a deep frustration at the way he was treated. Said Ghantt, â€Å"... one day life kinda slapped me in the face. I was working sometimes 75-80 hours a week at $8.15 an hour. I didn’t even have a real home life because I was never there. I was working all the time and unhappy†¦ I felt cornered and one day the joking in the break room about robbing the place suddenly didn’t seem so far-fetched.† Ghantt was joking in the breakroom with fellow Loomis Fargo employee Kelly Campbell. The two struck up a friendship during work that would continue after Campbell left the company. The jokes between Ghantt and Campbell about their disgruntlement with their jobs took on a more serious note when Campbell introduced Ghantt to an old high school classmate of hers named Steve Chambers. According to Campbell, Chambers could help Ghantt execute a massive cash robbery of the vault at Loomis Fargo in one night. Fed up, exhausted, and seeing a way out, Ghantt agreed. The Loomis Fargo Heist Over the next months, Ghantt, Campbell, and Chambers developed a plan. Working by himself, Ghantt would commit the robbery and then flee for Mexico, leaving the bulk of the cash with Chambers. While Ghantt waited for the heat from the robbery to die down, Chambers would send Ghantt small amounts of money. Eventually, Ghantt would return to the United States and the full sum would be split up between the conspirators. On the night of October 4, the plan went into action. Ghantt sent home a new employee and quickly loaded the money into the back of a bank van. After meeting up with Chambers, Campbell, and some other co-conspirators, Ghantt hightailed it to Mexico with $50,000 in cash in his car. He made it across the border just as his deception was discovered. Loomis Fargo Heist Investigation: David Ghantt, Suspect The morning after the height, employees of Loomis Fargo realized they couldn’t open the vault. They called the police, who brought in the FBI, classifying the heist as a bank robbery. From the beginning, the FBI’s prime suspect was David Ghantt. Not only was Ghantt the only unaccounted for employee the morning after the heist, there was also footage of Ghantt moving the cash into the back of the Loomis Fargo van. Two days after the heist, the FBI found the missing van with $3.3 million of cash left in it. Ghantt and his compatriots, it turns out, had underestimated how bulky money is. They left behind the cash they couldn’t fit in their cars. The FBI quickly connected Ghantt to Campbell, who was a former Loomis Fargo employee. The connection to Chambers took more time. Anonymous tips had the FBI monitoring Chambers’ calls. Eventually, Ghantt called in from Mexico, seeking more money, and the FBI officially recognized Chambers as a co-conspirator. Chambers, it turned out, became the biggest source of evidence for the FBI. In addition to his phone calls with Ghantt, Chambers began extravagantly spending the money, even though the co-conspirators had agreed to lay low for a year or two. Together with his wife, Chambers bought a new luxury home (upgrading from his mobile home), a BMW Z3, and some extravagant furnishings. Chambers’ wife, Michelle, bought a minivan in cash and began taking frequent trips to the bank to make deposits. While she made small deposits at first, she became more reckless, eventually making a deposit of thousands of dollars in cash, telling the teller not to worry: â€Å"It’s not drug money.† No Honor Among Thieves Across the border in Mexico, Ghantt was also living it up. He stayed at a luxury hotel and took scuba diving lesson. Having only brought $50,000 in cash, however, Ghantt soon found himself short on funds. When Ghantt called Chambers to have the latter wire him more money, Chambers sent just a few thousand dollars. As the FBI listened in to Chambers’ calls, they discovered that he was also planning to have Ghantt assassinated, hoping to keep all the money for himself. The FBI knew they needed to make their move. On March 1, 1988, Mexican police arrested Ghantt at Playa del Carmen. The next day, the Chambers’, Campbell, and some other notable parties were arrested in Charlotte. Ten days later, the group was indicted for bank larceny and money laundering. Thirteen friends and family members were also charged with money laundering, as they had helped Ghantt, Chambers, Campbell, and the others deposit money illegally. All of the defendants except for one pleaded guilty and accepted their sentences. Some of the friends and family members received parole, while Ghantt was sentenced to seven and a half years in prison. He completed his prison sentence in November 2006. Loomis Fargo Heist: Legacy The Loomis Fargo heist became something of a media lightning rod. The details of the heist itself, coupled with the missteps the crew made after stealing the money, attracted the attention of writers and movie producers. A comedy film called Masterminds, based on the Loomis Fargo heist and starring Zach Galifianakis, Kristen Wiig, Owen Wilson, and Jason Sudeikis, was released in 2016. David Ghantt attended the premiere. What's Next? Learning about US history? If so,check out some of these books on our AP History Exam reading list. One of the best ways to learn more about U.S. history is to make sure you’re taking history classes. Most high schools offer a variety of history classes, so make sure you’re taking the right ones for you. Did you know that the SAT offers subject exams, too? This article will teach you more about the SAT subject tests and help you decide whether you should take them.

Community nurse assigned to the Bright family Essay

Community nurse assigned to the Bright family - Essay Example Mitchell, the youngest sibling attends a primary school. Though his performance had always been commendable at the class but it deteriorated noticeably is the past few days. His attendance record has degraded accordingly. He has indulged in several clashes with fellow classmates which marks his corrosion in conduct. It has seemed an alarming situation to the school and the authority has expressed concern about the child. Susan’s family stays away from them but they are in stable and sound physical a well as economical condition. But Bruce’s parents split from each other years back and his mother Maureen moved away from the house; though she kept in touch with Bruce and his family. Now Royce, Bruce’s father is 73 years old and he is residing just two streets away from Bruce. But he is going through certain problems and he is unable to eat properly or maintain his house. Memory loss is another effect of age that has become fatal for him. Quite recently Royce underw ent certain minor accidents. His living room caught fire when he left an electric heater on. A community nurse assigned to the Bright family is the in charge of making decisions about which support services are to be provided to them in order to resolve their problems permanently. The Bright family is in dire need of some sort of health and old age care services so that Royce, the 73 year old father gets to lead a peaceful life. He is suffering from health as well as psychological problems like Dementia caused by aging and these need immediate attention. The Aged care services decided by â€Å"Assessment for Aged Care† would be the best option for Royce as his son and daughter-in-law are both tied up with their stringent family condition. The kids are either busy working or too young to take sufficient care of their grand father. At the same time the Bright family needs continuous inspiration and aid to cope up with the taut economical condition. The young kid Mitchell needs attention so

Relationship between commedia Dell'Arte and business Essay

Relationship between commedia Dell'Arte and business - Essay Example Italian terminology movies scientists, such as Ferdinando Taviani, Luciano Pinto and Roberto Tessari, believe commedia was a reaction to the government and cost-effective issues of the 16th millennium and, as an effect, made them the first entirely professional way of movies. The performers performed on outside, short-term stages, and reliable various products (robbe) in place of extensive scenery. Some of the organizations conducted in the excellent homes of the time, but for the most aspect, the itinerant gamers came from city to city, establishing up their trestle levels in the marketplace rectangle, where they would execute in competitors with all the providers screaming their products. This obviously provided increase to a very wide, over-the-top design of performing, but it is obvious that the commedia become a huge hit to the whole population, from the biggest to the smallest, with something for everyone in its wit, and actual expertise - the inventory figures becoming engaged in justifications, confusions, uncertainty and loving interests. When they arrive at a new website, the level administrator would pin up the situation, and the stars would improvise the performance in a mixture of terminology and activity, (often including satirical opinion on regional events) and whenever they sensed the activity was dropping a bit, they would sketch on their collection of set presentations and set business (lazzi) to raise it and get it going again. The better troupes were preferred by upper class, and during festival period and were funded by the various places or locations, in which they performed. Extra sources were acquired by efforts (essentially going the hat) so anyone could viewpoint the performance definitely no price. Performers ability to trip to achieve reputation and cost-effective success was the key to achievement of the commedia. The most beneficial troupes performed before management and upper class allowing individual celebrities, such as Accogl iente swan Andreini with his colleague, Dionisio Martinelli, were well known. The numbers of the commedia usually represent set community kinds, stock numbers, such as absurd devious servants, old men, or military government bodies finish of wrong bravado. Figures such as Pantalone, the tightfisted merchant from Venice; Dottore Gratiano, the Bologna pedant; or Arlecchino, the sexy Bergamo servant, began as satires on France terminology "types" and grew to archetypes of many of the super heroes of 17th- 18th century European movies. The commedia's start may be appropriate to festival in Venice, where by 1570 Andrea Calmo had developed the character Il Magnifico. In the Flaminio Scala scenari Il Magnifico carries on and is changeable with Pantalone, into the 17th millennium. While Calmo's numbers (which also engaged the Language Capitano and an example of dottore type) were not invisible, it is not known at what aspect the numbers wearing the protect up. However, the connection to fes tival (the period found between Epiphany and Ash Wednesday) would be suggesting addressing as a conference of festival and was used at some aspect. The customization in Northern Tuscany is centred in Mantua, Florencia, and Venice, where the

Essay Example for Free

Essay Increase in Quality of Care Until the second part of the last century, all medical records were on paper. This system worked fine in an age of family doctors making house calls and patients never travelling far from their local hospital. Our modern society has changed and our healthcare record management has changed as well. Computerized record management (CRM) and Electronic Medical Records (EMR) are poised to increase the quality of healthcare. According to the US Department of Health and Human Services, there are numerous ways that CRM’s are improving quality of patient care. Their web site lists problems with paper records. These include, illegible handwriting, multiple healthcare providers for one patient not communicating, and increased amounts of medical and new drug information. â€Å"Patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes or congestive heart failure often have to monitor their blood glucose level, weight, blood pressure, and medication regimens in their homes† (AHRQ, 2012). CMR will allow health care providers to track any abnormal values recorded from patient’s home, eliminating the need to wait until the next appointment which may be a month away. With CMR, patients will be able to go to different specialists who can all plug in to the same medical record. Also, the medical record will follow the patient if he is travelling and needs to receive care far from his primary care provider. The switch to computer records will eliminate time trying to decipher a physician’s handwriting. EMR’s will also be updated continuously with updated medical and drug information. This resource will allow the healthcare provider to keep up to date on all the latest research which will increase quality of care as well. Another aspect of increased quality of care is the patient id band being linked to the electronic record. â€Å"The system of linking hospital ID bracelets to patients EHRs has curbed medication errors†. Active Nursing Involvement While developing and implementing a CMR, it is very important to get input and direction from professional nurses. Nurses are a critical element in the management of health care records. They are the ones charting, administering drugs, identifying patients, and writing plans of care. According to the Hospital and Health Networks website, anyone who is uilding a CRM system, needs â€Å"to spend time on the nursing units and see how nurses work† (hhnmag. com, 2012). Nurses are the professionals who care for patients. The input they can offer will be useful since they are the ones using the system. Nurses have firsthand knowledge about what really works on the floor and will simplify their jobs while increasing quality of care for the patient. Th e first step will be for the nurse to give input into exactly what they would use in an EMR. Then, nurses could guide the developers in the actual flow of their duties and charting. Without involvement of nurses, programmers may include items not used by nurses or put charts out of logical order for the nursing process. Handheld Devices The current trend in computerized healthcare management is handheld devices or PDAs. â€Å"The functionality provided by PDAs has expanded exponentially from simple personal organizer to include healthcare databases and applications that check for drug interactions, aid in IV calculations, analyze lab results, provide charge capture information, scheduling functions, prescription refilling and other practice management tasks† (Online Journal of Nursing Informatics, 2001). Using a handheld device, nurses are able to keep current on research, standards of care, and drugs. The nurse will be able to access patient records from the bedside, drug room, or during change of shift report. A PDA will cut down on the spread of germs since each nurse carries her own device instead of sharing a computer keyboard with the entire hospital staff. The handheld device will be able to offer real time updates if there is a change in a patients status, perhaps to â€Å"transmit telemetry waveforms from monitors at the nurses station directly to the bedside nurse† (OJNI, 2012). At change of shift, a nurse can handoff to the next nurse syncing the two handheld devices improving continuity of care and assuring that tasks are not inadvertently left off. Security Standards The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) is federal law in place to protect a patient’s privacy. Any computerized medical records must be in compliance with HIPPA as well as protect the computer records from being breeched in anyway. How to keep medical records safe and away from non-authorized eyes is a major concern for healthcare providers. The technical part of security includes firewalls, protected servers, ncryption, and secure networks. Storage and back up of all information will be integral in protecting the electronic medical records. At Epic Systems, â€Å"’we have all sorts of firewalls and security systems in effect to prevent data breaches,’ Ms. Faulkner says. On laptops used by doctors, files can be viewed but not stored. The same is true for smartphones and tablets. We do not store patient data on them, she says, so it cannot be misused if these devices are stolen† (Freudenheim, M, 2012). Hospitals also need role based access. This will â€Å"limit access to a patient’s record to only those individuals who need the information for treatment. Audit trails can automatically record who viewed the health record and can be used after the fact to identify any unauthorized access, leading to improvements in training or, if warranted, corrective action (HHS. org, 2012). As with paper charting, nurses will need to carefully guard who has access to the patient’s chart and who is allowed to view it. Computer monitors need to go blank when not in use to prevent unauthorized viewing of patient records. Cost The savings to health care systems is not only in time, convenience and increased patient safety; CMRs can also save hospitals money. The Department of Health and Human Services published a white paper outlining cost benefits of transitioning to electronic records. â€Å"The all cost-benefit analyses predicted substantial savings from EHR (and health care information exchange and interoperability) implementation. The quantifiable benefits are projected to outweigh the investment costs. However, the predicted time needed to break even varied from three to as many as 13 years† (AHRQ, 2006). The cost to implement electronic medical records vary tremendously. PracticeFusion is a company that offers an on line free EMR program. This company offers â€Å"a comprehensive practice management software platform includes charting, scheduling, billing, e-Prescribing, lab integrations and secure messaging† (PracticeFusion. com). There are no charges to use the technology. If the user prefers to use PracticeFusion without seeing the ads, they can pay a nominal $100 per month fee. On the other end of the cost spectrum, Epic Systems provides electronic medical records for large hospitals like Cedars-Sinai and Kaiser. â€Å"Kaiser estimates it will eventually spend a total of $4 billion on the software and related osts like those for equipment and training employees,† (Freudenheim, M. , 2012). For large, multi-campus hospital systems, the costs are enormous. There are extra costs associated with CMRs. Training time, upkeep, new hardware, and IT employees all go in to the continuing ? Benefits to Care The benefits of electronic medical records to the patient can be many. Patient safety can be increased, health care providers receive the absolute most current research and evidence based best practices, and timeliness of care can go up as well. Communication between members of the health care team is improved. Medication errors decrease. Time savings from transcription to reading illegible handwriting leads to more time the nurse is able to spend caring for the patient. Even the US government wants to support CRMs. â€Å"The federal government is contributing to the recent growth of Epic and similar firms by offering financial incentives to health providers who switch to electronic records. It sees these records as a way to improve patient care and reduce inappropriate costs like those for duplicated tests,† (Freudenheim, M. , 2012). Recommendation The two providers I looked at are PracticeFusion and Epic Systems. Comparing these two companies is a little like comparing apples to oranges. Epic has been in business developing electronic medical record systems since 1979 and has an excellent reputation in the industry. Epic claims to have the medical records of 127 million patients and is used by 250,000 doctors. In an industry where cross platform communication can be difficult to say the least, it is reassuring to go with a company that has such widespread market share. Epic is relatively easy to learn and use. It is the system I learned while working at Cedars-Sinai in Los Angeles and the system I recommend. PracticeFusion is not in the same league as Epic Systems. It may be a good choice for a small, detached practice to use for internal EMRs ? Justification The cost of using Epic Systems for medical records can be prohibitive. Once the decision to go electronic has been made, Epic works closely with the staff at the hospital to design a user friendly, safe, and effective program. The government is supporting the transition to EMRs. Other hospitals have made the move, private practices are involved. Quality of patient care can be increased and that is really the best reason to make the change.

Personal Identity :: essays research papers

Personal Identity Personal Identity can be broken down into three areas: 1.) Body 2.) Memory and 3.) Soul. In John Perry's "A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality" these composing aspects of personal identity are discussed at length. In the reading and class discussions the body was defined clearly as a part of one's person, even alluded to at times as a "prison" in which one cannot escape until one dies. Memory and one's Soul seemed to be lumped together many times, understandably so, for the two bare many things in common such as they are intangible, cannot be completely defined as to what each exactly is (people remember things that did not actually happen to them, are those still memories?; do you have one soul throughout your life?), and both are thought to compose one's character and beliefs. This essay will deal with the two aspects of one's personal identity which are the most obvious in day to day life, that of the body and of soul/memory. As stated beforehand, memory and the soul bare many of the same qualities. The body and soul, however, also share this trait. Perry illustrates in his essay that the body and soul are similar because there is a "link" between one another, that is they both make up a person and are responsible for the qualities associated with being an individual (height, weight, character, belief, etc.). Perry also comes back to challenge this using the analogy of a river. If one goes to a river, and then the next day goes back to the same river, the person will not say that it is a different river, although almost all of the properties of the river have changed (water molecules, pollution level, temperature, etc.). This is the same with a person, for we say that a person at adolescence is still the same person at adulthood, even though the the persons beliefs, knowledge, and character may have changed over the years. Perry answers this problem by saying that we can still regard the person as the same by the relative "similarity" of the person to how they were in the past, and that "[the] sameness of body is a reliable sign of sameness of all; of soul" . In another example, Perry differentiates between the body and the soul by saying that "personal identity" (referring to the soul/mind) cannot be based on bodily identity, for one can judge who one is without having to make any judgments about the body. Perry continues to elaborate on this by saying even if he woke

Gadget Addiction Essay

â€Å"All these gadgets, the phone and the computer, they expose the inside of your brain in a way that’s bad.† Michel Gondry Advancement in technology and communication has resulted in numerous gadgets. Every secon,d a new gadget is being introduced in the consumer market. People have come to a point where they cannot live without these gadgets. As a result, gadget addiction has become a serious problem in the world especially among the youth. Gadget addiction is enjoying a particular activity very much such as laptops, IPods and Play Station and spending as much time as possible doing it (Oxford English Dictionary, 2012). Today, it is difficult to imagine a modern teenager without a mobile phone or any other gadgets. The worrying research found that 97 per cent of 11 to 16-year-olds owns a mobile phone – eight per cent more than the percentage of adults who own one (Dr. Emma Bond, 2009). Gadget addiction is caused by the desire to get more freedom and the attraction of the gadget applications. Subsequently, this addiction may cause unhealthy lifestyle among teenagers and affect their academic perfo rmance. The first cause for gadget addiction among youth is the desire to get more freedom. The reason for this situation is video games provide a window to another world, where the person playing the games holds all the power and decides the fate of all the virtual lives. This is in contrast to the real world which is full of stress, failure, bullying and conflicts. In other words, freedom that comes from the video games helps teens feel more powerful and confident. Now we are living in a new millennium where 97 percent of children ages 12 to 18 would prefer to play videogames on laptop, Play Stations or Gameboy. Research has found that 41percent of people who play online video games admitted that they played computer games as an escape from the real world (Hussain, 2009). Example of the video games that provide the youth with more freedom are fighting games like Mortal Combat, action games like Counter Strike and simulation games like The Sims. It can be concluded that playing video games with gadget often appear harmless, but they can be very damaging to children and tee ns that are lacking in self-control. Another reason for this problem is youth are attracted to the gadget applications. The youth are attracted to the sound, graphics, pictures, animations and also how the applications are used which is available in games and social  networks. Most of the youth prefer to the gadget applications that is related to communications such as Facebook, Twitter, Skype and Yahoo mail. This is because, social networks are an easier way to share what they think and feel. This is contrast with the real world where their voice is ignored by the others especially elders. Furthermore, they also feel more comfortable to express what they think without the need to be face to face with each other. Besides that, they also like to spend their time playing online games. According to Liz Thomas, (2011), youngsters now spend an average of one hour and 50 minutes online and two hours 40 minutes in front of the television every day. Normally, sounds that had been used in the applications are appropriate and comply with the youth. The graphics and animations also attract the youth to keep playing those games. In other words, these applications have its attraction that can cause the youngsters to become addicted to gadgets. Gadget addiction also brings the negative effects. One of them is it can affect lifestyle and health among the youth. Majority of youth that spend long hours in front of their computers are unaware they are victims of bad posture, seizures, neck pain and repetitive injury. Dr. Craig Kasper, Director of audiology at the New York Otolaryngology Group, warns that these devices can also cause ear damage if used improperly. Moreover, obesity is also one of the effects of this problem. Prolonged use will contribute to inactive lifestyle. Individuals that are addicted to social networks are rarely unaware about their intake of snacks and carbonate drink. Besides that, they also did not do exercise and do outdoor activities. Next, youth who are addicted to the gadgets will also experience the radiat ion impact namely electromagnetic-radiation source held near the brain. Research has found that cell phone technology hurts teenagers worse than adults. â€Å"What the horrified researchers saw on their monitors was deep penetration of cell phone microwave radiation into soft brain tissue† (Put This in Your Ear and Light It, 2005). All in all, this has shown how gadgets addiction can lead to unhealthy lifestyle and health. Gadgets addiction among the youth also may impact in their academic performance. Many of them fail in examinations because they spent a lot of their times with the gadgets. Furthermore, youth also use their scholarship to buy the latest gadgets instead of academic books. Thus, they are unable to do revision. Besides that, youth also use improper language in the  communication networks like short forms. As a result, it has become a habit either in their daily life or learning process. The study by Pew Internet (2008) has proven that 50 percent of the students use informal slang in their assignments. Another, 38 percent admit th ey used shortenings in their schoolwork like ‘LOL’, which stands for ‘laugh out loud†. Moreover, there are also students who use a phone to search the internet during test to find answers. This situation has a very negative effect on a student, his mates and test results of other students (Parker, 2006). In addition, youth also use their gadget for entertainment purpose including porno services and violent games. This may lead to harmful effects and bad behaviour. As a result, this will affect their behavior and concentration in the class. The worst is they also may be expelled from the schools or universities. In a nutshell, gadgets addiction among the youth will impact their academic performances. All in all, the development of technology has negatively impacted our society. As a result, many of them especially youth have become addicted to the gadgets. Gadget addiction is caused by the desire to get more freedom and the attraction of the gadget applications. Subsequently, this addiction may cause unhealthy lifestyle among teenagers and affect their academic performance. Nevertheless, parents and government should take measures protecting teenagers from unpleasant consequences. For example, parents should explain to their children these gadgets can cause health problem. Government should take actions by organized a campaign to increase the teenagers’ awareness about the bad effects of gadgets. Everyone must take a steps to prevent this problem from becoming serious.

Husayn-McMahon Essay

McMahon-Hussein Correspondence refers to an exchange of letters between Sharif Husayn Ibn Ali of Mecca and Sir Henry McMahon of Britain detailing the future of the Arab world in the face of a possible annexation by the Ottoman Turks. The background to this communication can be traced to early 1914 when Sharif Husayn’s son, Amir, paid a visit to the then British Consular in Egypt, Lord Kitchener, seeking British assurance that they would offer their support incase Arabs opted to revolt against Turkey. While at first Kitchner was reluctant to make any commitment, his successor in the region, McMahon, upon sensing the dwindling British fortunes in the Middle East, made hefty promises to garner the Arabs support during the First World War. It is during this period that McMahon would initiate correspondence with Husayn. The Husayn family emerged to be an influential force in the Middle East as it lay claim to be the descendant of Muhammad and held the mantle leadership of a number of kingdoms in the region (Daly 215). The issue of McMahon-Hussein correspondence has emerged highly controversial and is held to be at the core of the crisis in the Middle East. It is regarded as an important correspondence by the Palestinians as it was seen as a commitment by the British of granting them independence. In these series of letters, Husayn had asked for Arabs independence, he outlined these areas to be the Arabian Peninsula, Palestine and Iraq amongst others. McMahon on the other hand made a commitment to ensure the independence of a number of territories which would not damage the existing cordial relations with France. Arabs in the Middle East have maintained that British had promised independence to the Palestinians; on the other hand, Britain claims that this was merely a declaration of intent that was not legally binding and cannot be used to lay claim of independence to the Palestinians (Mack 123).

Against Capital Punishment essays

Against Capital Punishment essays Many years ago convicted murders would face the risk of getting the death penalty. Many people now want capital punishment to be brought back. Capital Punishment cannot be reinstated due to the fact that it is cruel and unusual treatment. This paper will clearly demonstrate that capital punishment cannot be brought back because it is unconstitutional. This essay will show how it costs less to imprison someone then to execute them. Finally, this will show how imprisonment is a worse sentence then execution. Capital punishment cannot be reinstated because it would violate the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms sections 7 and 12. Section 7 of the CCRF states that Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of the person and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice. Section 7 guarantees us life, liberty and personal security of all Canadians. It also demands that governments respect the basic values of justice whenever it intrudes on those rights. This section is useful in criminal cases because an accused person faces the risk that, if convicted, their freedom will be lost. Section 12 of the CCRF states that Everyone has the right not to be subjected to any cruel and unusual treatment of punishment. The death penalty is an unusual treatment because it only applied to capital murder and not to other offences in the Criminal Code. For example, the Supreme Court of Canada held that a law creating a minimum sent ence of seven years imprisonment for the crime of importing narcotics into Canada, regardless of how much is involved, is cruel and unusual punishment. The death penalty should not be brought back also because it would cost less to imprison someone then to execute them. A 1993 study conducted by Duke University showed the death penalty in North Carolina costs $2.16 million per execution more than ...

Roman Plebeian Tribune Definition

Roman Plebeian Tribune Definition The Plebeian Tribune- or tribuni plebis- is also known as the tribune of the people or the tribune of the plebs. The plebeian tribune had no military function  but was strictly a powerful political office. The Tribune had the power to help the people, a function called ius auxilii. The body of the plebeian was sacrosanct. The Latin term for this power is sacrosancta potestas. He also had the power of the veto. The number of plebeian tribunes varied. It is believed there were originally only 2, for a short time, after which there were 5. By 457 B.C., there were 10. The Plebeians Secede The office of plebeian tribune was created in 494 B.C., after the First Secession of the Plebeians. In addition to the two new plebeian tribunes, the plebeians were allowed two plebeian aediles. The election of Plebeian Tribune, from 471, after the passage of the lex Publilia Voleronis, was by a council of plebeians presided over by a plebeian tribune. When the plebeians seceded in 494, the patricians granted them the right of having tribunes with greater power than the patrician tribal heads. These tribunes of the plebs (plebeian tribunes) were powerful figures in Romes Republican government, with the right of veto and more. A patrician, Claudius Pulcher had himself adopted by a plebeian branch of his family so he could run for the office of plebeian tribune under the plebeian name of Clodius. Source A Companion to Latin Studies, by J.E. Sandys

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness Essay - 10

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness - Essay Example Globalization is a process of increasing proportion of social, economic and cultural activities across the national borders. There were positive and negative impacts of globalization of Coca-Cola Company. Marketing strategies, technology and product differentiation are some of the factors that supported the rapid growth and development of the company globally. Under marketing strategies, the company used popular catchy jingles, and advertising slogans, which had a great impact to the minds and hearts of the people worldwide (Lopez, 2012). The slogans were meant to influence the consumers in remembering the product. The company also customized the product in order to meet needs of the sole markets. Coca-Cola Company also exercised Packaging differentiation, which also had a great impact into various market segments. The impacts of globalization of Coca-Cola Company also had a negative impact in some countries globally. For example, in India, the problems occurred after the company started to exploit recourses and labor in the country. The lands were to be cleared for the establishment of the factories where a number of people got displaced. The agricultural workers were left without a source of income after their lands grabbed by Coca-Cola Company. Many of the farmers committed suicide because they lacked alternatives of earning a living (Rao & Sivaramakrishna, 2008). After the establishment of the factories, the nightmare did not end because the residents were still hired to work in dangerous assembly lines, which caused physical pain and psychological damage as well. The company did not consider age or gender, but hired anybody. Child labors existed, meaning the some of the children did not attend school, which can lead the future generation of India to remain uneducated, hence low chances of stabilizing India. Some of technological factors that have positive impacts to the company include; efficiency of corporations marketing, advertising and

What have I learned during the programme and how can I apply this in Essay

What have I learned during the programme and how can I apply this in my future career A critical reflection - Essay Example , and during the project which will be defined, highlighting the major ones will form the outline and backbone for what this particular response paper attempts to highlight. One of the most important, and perhaps most helpful, skills that I learned during the course of this particular project has to do with the process of developing new ideas. Ultimately, my group, which consisted of four individuals, found it necessary to develop a business plan and seeks to implement this business plan in a virtual setting. As such, many ideas were developed and analyzed within this group prior to one being selected. Whereas it is of course important to underscore the fact that each member of the group provided an essential role and ultimately help to the project towards completion, it was my suggestion that was determined to be the best and provided the basis for the business plan that was eventually developed (Bouma et al., 2014). The development of the business plan serves as an essential complement, and perhaps the most important aspect of learning that was achieved during this particular semester. The underlying reason for this has to do with the fact that the bu siness plan is far more than a rough interpretation for what service or product should be offered. Instead, the business plan must make preliminary projections and considerations with respect to how this will be affected, feasibility, economic issues, potential threats and weaknesses, and a litany of concerns involving finance and the way in which such a project would be initiated, supported, and projected into the market (Meadows & Buckley, 2014). In this way, rather than the development of the business plan only taking a few days or hours to complete, this process was one that instilled a level of respect in me with regard to the importance of carefully crafting the business plan and going about it in a thorough and analytical manner (Goodwin, 2002). In terms of how this particular aspect of the project could

Racial Discrimination and Health Problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Racial Discrimination and Health Problems - Essay Example However, how much of this stands true for racism specific stress has also been the subject focus of many studies. Researchers found an association between perceived racism and ambulatory blood pressure in African American college students (Hill et al, 2007). Also at workplace, stressful racism places African Americans in a high probability group for the development of higher blood pressures (Health and Medicine Week, 2004). This clearly shows that racism can hasten the onset of hypertension even in younger age group and possible conclusion that can be drawn is that in an aging population the superimposed ill effects of stress induced by racism may be even greater. Similarly, women with higher stress scores who were subjected to high levels of internalized racism were at a higher risk of developing metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes due to altered hormone secretion (Tull et al, 2005). Studies have also attempted to assess objectively, mental and psychological implication s of racism specific stress (Chakraborty et al, 2009). Further research is required to reach a conclusion linking the association of stress per se resulting from experiencing racial discrimination per

Lymphocyte B Cell In The Immune System Biology Essay

Lymphocyte B Cell In The Immune System Biology Essay B cell is a type of lymphocyte that is the basis for the bodys humoral immune system; it is produced from the stem cell in the bone marrow (Darling, 2010). On its production a self renewing hematopoietic stem cells produces lymphoid and myeloid progenitor. Looking mainly at lymphoid progenitor, it gives rise to B cell progenitor, T cell progenitor and Natural Killer cells (Kuby et al. 2007, p.25). Lymphoid progenitor produces progenitor B cells; it is the earliest identifiable cell thats committed to the development in the B cell linage. The cells moves and rearrange their Ig heavy chain genetic segments to make a functional IgH gene that are expressed as pre B cell receptors. The B cell receptor is a membrane bound antibody molecule. From the pre B cell receptor, some of the cells stays in the bone marrow and some moves into secondary lymphoid organs and there they reproduce, also in the secondary lymphoid organs the cells undergo antigen dependent maturation. On the topic of B cell progenitor, it produces B cell and these B cells further undergo two phases of maturation: an antigen independent phase and an antigen dependent phase (Kempert, 2010). During the development, each B cell is genetically programmed or a process known as gene translocation, to express a unique B cell receptor. The molecules of that B cell receptor are place on its surface where it can react with epitopes of an antigen (Kaiser, 2010) Epitopes are antigenic determinants recognized and bound with B cell receptors and they are located on the surface of the antigen (Austin, 2010). There are known to be two main classes of B cell epitopes, one is Linear or continuous, the surface that are interacted with the antibody are located next to each other sequentially on the protein. The second one is assembled or discontinuous; the components are located on disparate parts of the protein which are brought conformationally close to each other through side chain interactions (ProImmune, 2010). Produced B cells contain two types of B lymphocytes, Plasma cells and memory cells which express CD19, CD20 and CD21 on these cells (Kempert, 2010). Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies. Once produced, B cells mainly stay within the bone marrow and wait until an antigen invades the body. The antigens bind to the B cell and stimulate it to form plasma cells. Plasma cells are known to have characteristic appearing nuclei; cytoplasm that contains dense rough endoplasmic reticulum and which is the site where antibodies are combined and also a distinctive perinuclear Golgi complexes where the antibody molecules are converted to their final forms and ready for secretion (Abbas et al. 2009, p. 22). Memory cells are produced by antigen stimulation of naà ¯ve B cells, they have proteins that are expressed on their surface that distinguish them from B cells and Plasma cells and they can survive in a functionally state for many years after the antigen has been eliminated and also they are known as B cell sub types that are formed after an initial infection (Abbas et al. 2009, p. 22). Function The major function of B cell is the secretion of antibodies. When an antigen has invades the body and has been encountered by the immune system, they bind to B cell and a number of certain B lymphocyte are then stimulated and undergo cell division to produce plasma cell and memory cells which is known as clonal expansion. Clonal expansion is a process that when a naà ¯ve B cell encounter a pathogens antigen. As the antigen floats through the blood system it gets attaches and binds to the naà ¯ve B cells. This trigger clonal expansion and the B cells multiples (Kuby et al. 2007, p.17). The B cell receptors are the ones responsible to bind to the antigens, the bounded antigen is then engulfed into the B cell by the receptor mediated endocytosis. The antigen are digested and broken down into small fragments and displayed on the cell surface thats sitting inside a class II Histocompatibility molecule. With the help of Helper T cells that binds with B cells, the B cells then secretes lymphokines that stimulates the B cells to go through a cell cycle that develops and turn the B cells from being B cell receptors to being a plasma cell that secrete antibodies(Kimball, 2010). The plasma cell each produces a particular antibody thats specifically attached to a specific antigen and these plasma cells are secreted into the blood system. As a specific antibody has attached to a specific antigen, the antibodies produce a humoral response and inactivate the pathogen, and make it easier to removal from the body (Anglin, 2010). Once this process has occurred meaning once the body defense has encountered and destroyed the pathogens antigen, the body remember this pathogens antigen and this remembering process is referred to as Memory cell. Memory cells are produced by stimulated B cells, they are the form of basis for long term immunity and responsible for secondary response. As soon as an infection that was previously destroyed by the humoral immune system returns the memory cells that has remain dormant produce a quick response and the infection is removed as quickly and effectively leaving the patient immune (Martin, 2010).

Scenarios of Stereotypes Essay -- Illustrative Stereotyping Stereotype

Scenarios of Stereotypes Stereotypes can have excessive damage and it can have a very negative effect on the person in view or as a whole group. Stereotyping is not just another form of making fun of people, it also encourages rejection and outcast. Stereotyping is not only cruel and harmful to people, it can also have major effects on how a person behaves and acts towards other people. It also makes who ever is stereotyping look like a fool. It also forms barriers in communication and everyday life. In this essay I’m gonna give senario’s that will give evidence to what I’m trying to say. But first let me give you a short definition of stereotyping. Stereotyping is putting a label on someone or a group who is different in a way that society looks down upon, Like looks, beliefs, an...

Why Hemp Prduction Should Be Legal in the Us

Uses of Hemp and its Potential Contributions to the United States Hemp is a crop that has been used for many things for many years. The fibers are used for things such as clothes, construction materials, paper, carpet, oil, food, cosmetics, food, and many other things. The hemp industry has been around for as long as ten thousand years. There was a piece of hemp fabric found from around eight thousand BC showing its importance to many civilizations throughout the years. Nowadays, hemp is an agricultural commodity in many nations. Canada is known to be one of the largest hemp growers in the world and use it for a large number of industries.Some countries export hemp products all around the world and use it as a vital part of their economy. The United States is among the few countries that does not permit the production of hemp. The value of hemp has gone unrecognized for many years in the U. S. Out of the industrialized countries in the world, the U. S. is the only country to ban the growth of this crop. The legalization of hemp production in The United States would put many farmers back to work as well as create a very ecological and environmentally safe alternative to multiple harmful industries.From when Europeans first came to North America till the Middle of the nineteenth century, hemp was grown all over. Its availability was useful for many families and companies. Hemp was also grown by two of our first presidents because of its versatility and efficient uses. The Declaration of independence was in fact, written on hemp paper. Hemp was actually a required crop in the Colonial times. It became a commodity and was an overall great use of land. The name â€Å"cannabis† comes from a variation of â€Å"canvas† because of hemps use in sails for boats.Before cotton, hemp was very common in forms of fibers which could be used for twine, paper and many other things. Once people came out with cotton gins and other very efficient ways to harvest and ma ke fabric out of cotton, hemp became a less competitive material. Also, imported materials began to take over the hemp industry. Throughout the 1930’s, people realized the euphoric effects of the plant and began to isolate and genetically develop the leaves and flowers to get a plant that produced large amounts of the desired chemical. This plant is known as marijuana.This is when laws began to pass restricting restrictive laws that only allowed the industrial use of cannabis in the form of hemp. During World War Two, the federal government actually paid farmers and encouraged them to continue to grow hemp. Its availability was greatly taken advantage of during the war. Between the war and the late 1950’s, other synthetic fibers for various materials were a competitive industry causing less and less hemp growth in the United States. Also, many efforts were made by the public to illegalize drugs. This contributed to the fade out of hemp use. Mass, 2009) The Controlled S ubstances Act was passed in 1970 making hemp illegal to cultivate without a permit. These permits were very difficult to get through the DEA. From this point on, all hemp products come from other countries or the hemp materials used to make things are also imported. Now days, about half of the states in the nation are pushing to legalize the industrial uses of hemp. They are conducting studies to consider the economic and environmental value of hemp. These states want to be able to grow hemp industrially based on state law.They would like to be able to do so without a permit from the federal government. This would override the Controlled Substance Act unless they redefine hemp as not a controlled substance. Hemp cannot be hidden in fields. It is very tall and grown very close together for maximum stalk. Hemp fibers come from the stalk of the plant therefore leaves and flowers are of no use to hemp growers. Hemp is also harvested before the plant even begins to seed. This differs fro m marijuana in the sense that marijuana growers spread out their crop to maximize leaves and flowers.Marijuana is usually grown for the seed and flower buds solely for the high. Hemp on the other hand is never grown for smoking. The purpose of growing hemp is for the multitude of uses of the stalk fibers. When looking at hemp from an environmental standpoint, it is a very healthy crop for the earth. From planting all the way to using its products, hemp is a very environmentally friendly plant. As it grows, hemp fertilizes the soil through its complex and deep root systems as well as the top soil that comes from the shedding of leaves. The soil, the water and the air are not polluted during the growth of hemp.Pesticides are rarely used giving clean water runoff. This differs from crops like cotton because when cotton is grown, the soil becomes nutrient deficient and the soil becomes less desirable. There have been farmers who claim hemp has steadily been grown in the same locations e very year for nearly one hundred years. Many people are concerned about the use of trees for paper. Hemp would be a great alternative to this issue as well because the amount of pulp a farmer can get from hemp over a season is much more than timber. Trees take many years to grow and hemp is replenished in a matter of months.The process of turning hemp into paper uses much less contamination in the pressing and bleaching processes. Other interesting facts about hemp paper are described in Hemp: The New, Old Fiber Makes a Comeback for Clothes, Fabrics and Home Furnishings. â€Å"Hemp fiber paper resists decomposition and does not yellow with age when an acid-free process is used. The long fibers in hemp allow hemp paper to be recycled more times than wood-based paper. † (Mass, 2009) The rapid growth speed of hemp makes it one of the most efficient crops in the sense of yield per acre. Hemp can produce 250 percent more fiber than cotton and 600 percent more fiber than flax using the same amount of land† (Mass, 2009). In further comparison of hemp and cotton, the fibers that are obtained from hemp stalks and bark, include the very long bast fibers. These types of fibers are stronger and a better insulator. After the harvest, the goal is to make the crop into some sort of textile that can be distributed to other companies for various uses. This process is extensive for any crop however; the processes used in hemp cause significantly less damage to the earth than other materials such as cotton.The process does use a large amount of water that will become more efficient in the future but compared to processes for other textiles, hemp is a better choice ecologically. Going into the uses for hemp, it is not destructive to the environment which shows it is a great alternative to many other materials that share the same uses as hemp. Some of hemp’s uses that are ecologically more efficient than others are; paper products, textiles, molded plastics, bo dy care products, construction, livestock feed and breeding, nutritional supplements, essential oils, medicines, food and many more. Small, 2002) With clothing, hemp is warmer than cotton and breathes better than cotton, leather and other materials widely used for clothing. â€Å"Hemp’s fiber molecule has a shaft-like structure that allows it to: wick moisture off the body and dry quickly; allow the wearer to feel warmer when wet, even in cold conditions; keep the wearer cool, comfortable and fresh, even in very hot and/or humid conditions. † (Mass, 2009) One material made from hemp that is very versatile, is plastics.John Wolodko, an advanced materials program leader gives his word on plastics, â€Å"This is traditionally made from fiberglass†¦ Products made from biocomposites work as well as those made from conventional materials, with the advantages of being lighter and less expensive. The ability of environmentally friendly products to compete with non-renewa ble products like fiberglass makes for a competitive and promising future for the biocomposites industry. † (Edmonton, 2009) Plastic is used in so many things from lawn chairs to automobile body parts to toothbrushes.This new process for plastics would be a fantastic alternative to the previous fiberglass methods. As an antibacterial fabric, hemp clothing is good for people with allergies to some chemicals that are included in the processes of other clothing materials. It also won’t begin to smell bad as fast as other materials. A big positive quality of hemp is that it is completely biodegradable as well as very strong and resistant to the wear and tear of daily life. It is great for people who are outside in nature a lot due to these qualities.Hemp can also be converted into a fuel in the form of pellets or liquid gas. This energy source, according to the U. S. Department of Energy, â€Å"requires the least specialized growing and processing procedures of all hemp pr oducts†. Fuel and energy is a major concern in our country and hemp could contribute significantly to the problems we face. Countries such as Great Britain and Germany had hemp bans like the United States but have lifted those in the last 20 years. Farmers in Europe are subsidized for their hemp output by the EU.Canada allows hemp production for commercial use and it is a large part of their economy. Hemp is a safe and environmentally friendly alternative to a wide variety of the United States industries and the legalization of hemp production on the commercial level would be a great addition to our country on an environmental and economic level.References Bourrie, M. (2003). Hemp: A Short History of the Most Misunderstood Plant and its Uses and Abuses. Firefly Books. Edmonton, A. (2009, October 31). Unconventional Crop – hemp – could sprout new industry. Troy Media. Retrieved October 29, 2010, from Unconventional crop – hemp – could sprout new indu stry Read more: Unconventional crop – hemp – could sprout new industry | Troy Media Corporation http://www. troymedia. com/? p=4791#ixzz14R5QAUP7 Mass, E. (2009, May). Hemp: The New, Old Fiber Makes a Comeback for Clothes, Fabrics and Home Furnishings. Natural Life, 127, 36-38. Retrieved November 1, 2010, from EBSCO database. Small, E. and D. Marcus. 2002. Hemp: A new crop with new uses for North America. p. 284–326. In: J. Janick and A. Whipkey (eds. ), Trends in new crops and new uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA.

Nuclear Energy: How Fukushima Changed Everything

Nuclear Energy: How Fukushima Changed Everything. After the Chernobyl disaster of April 26th, 1986, it was often said that the nuclear industry no longer had the resilience to survive another major nuclear accident. The industry hoped that the sentiment behind the Chernobyl accident could be eased on the basis that it was the consequence of a flaw in design that was unique to the Soviet Union’s reactors and that they had been operated in such a way that would not have been acceptable in the West.Then, Fukushima changed everything. That, at least, was the popular view adopted in the aftermath of March 11, 2011, by the press, media and across the Internet blogging community. A nuclear accident in such a densely populated and well-developed country would transform the way nuclear energy is perceived, as well as, determine the way it would be used, or not used, in the years to come. This analysis attempts to overview its causes, evaluate its impact, and understand its consequences on future nuclear development. CausesOn October 30th, 2011, the Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission (NAIIC) was enacted, creating an independent commission whose sole purpose was to investigate the Fukushima accident with the authority to request documentation and evidence required from whomever they saw fit. This independent commission was the first in the history of Japan’s constitutional government. Their main mandate was to investigate the direct and indirect causes of the Tokyo Electric Power Company Fukushima nuclear power plant accident that occurred on March 11, 2011 in conjunction with the Great East Japan Earthquake.This event triggered an extremely severe nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daichii Nuclear Power Plant, owned and operated by the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO). It was declared Level 7 (â€Å"Severe Accident†) by the International Nuclear Event Scale (INES). At the moment the earthquake struck, nuclear reactor u nits 1 to 3 were functioning under normal operating parameters and units 4 to 6 were undergoing periodic inspection. Emergency shutdown occurred right after seismic activity was identified. The seismic tremors damaged the electricity transmission facilities between the TEPCO Shinfukushima Transformer SubstationsNuclear Energy: How Fukushima Changed Everything. 2 and the Fukushima Daichii Nuclear Power Plant. This resulted in a total loss of off-site electricity. The back-up transmission line that was hooked up to nearby Tohoku Electric Power Company failed to feed reactor 1 due to mismatched sockets. The first of 3 tsunami waves was more than twice the height of the seawall which TEPCO had failed to replace after recommendations had been made by a group of government scientists back in 2009. TEPCO later stated that this recommendation was in the process of review at the time the tsunami hit.The seawater began flooding the building floor breaking walls and scattering debris. As the w ater rose, emergency diesel generators broke down, along with the seawater cooling pumps, electric wiring system and DC power supply for units 1, 2, 3 and 4. This resulted in a complete loss of power. Unit 5 lost all AC power and unit 6 stayed online due to a working air cooled emergency diesel generator. The loss of electricity resulted in the shutdown of monitoring equipment, lighting and communication devices. Decisions had to be made on the spot without the proper tools or manuals, making it difficult to cool down the reactors in an efficient way.The cooling reactors which were dependent on electricity for high-pressure water injection, depressurizing the reactors low pressure water injection cooling, depressurizing the reactor containers, and removal of decay, failed. Lack of access to these key locations due to debris pile up led to the inability of the personnel to react appropriately. In June, 2011, four months after the accident, the country’s Nuclear Emergency Respo nse Headquarters confirmed the complete meltdown of reactors 1, 2, 3, and spent fuel pond of reactor 4.The conclusions held by the NAIIC stated that the direct causes of the accident were all foreseeable prior to March 11, 2011. The plants design was incapable of withstanding an earthquake and tsunami of that magnitude. In addition, operators (TEPCO), regulatory bodies (NISA and NSC) and the government body promoting the nuclear power industry (METI) all failed to ensure basic safety requirements, such as assessing the probability of damage, preparation for containing collateral damage and developing evacuation plans for the public in the case of a serious radiation release. Dr.Kurokawa of the Nuclear Safety Commission reserved his most damning language for his criticism of a culture in Japan that suppresses dissent and outside opinion, which he said might have prompted changes to the country’s lax nuclear controls. Nuclear Energy: How Fukushima Changed Everything. 3 Impacts on Health & Environment The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident resulted in the release of fission products to the environment, including the contamination of air, water, soil, animals, fish, milk and crops. In addition, it generated radiation levels that caused the necessary evacuation of people within a 20 to 30 km range of the facility.A study on the effects of the Fukushima nuclear meltdown on the environment and public safety by Dr. med. Alex Rosen of the University of Dusseldorf came up with a series findings. The atmospheric emissions of more than 30 radioactive isotopes occurred through the explosions in reactors 1 to 3, the spent fuel pond of reactor 4 and the venting of reactors to relieve pressure and enable cool down. The total emission of iodine 131 was estimated to be 20% of the quantity emitted in the Chernobyl accident and 40% to 60% of cesium-137 emissions.Although, these are both naturally occurring elements, both of these radioactive isotopes are found to have dang erous impacts to human health under high doses. A dozen other radioactive substances including strontium-90, xenon-133 and plutonium-139 were spread throughout the region as radioactive fallout following the incident. Geography Radioactive fallout occurred mainly in the Northern Pacific (79%) and about 19% of the fallout contaminated the Honshu island, which includes the densely populated Tokyo metropolitan area. Overall, it was determined hat 1000 km2 were highly contaminated with radioactive isotopes. This led to the evacuation of an estimated 200,000 people in the immediately impacted zone in a radius of 20 km2 to 30 km2. Furthermore, an estimated 70,000 people are said to have stayed within 870 km2 radius of the plant’s highly contaminated land outside of the evacuation zone. These people were exposed to 100 times the natural background radiation expected within a year following the accident. Health Risks The risk of developing cancer and other radiation-induced diseases increased proportionally to the amount of radioactive exposure.According to Dr. Rosen, even the smallest amounts of Nuclear Energy: How Fukushima Changed Everything. 4 radioactivity can cause tissue damage and genetic mutations. Children have been found to be the demographic class with the highest risk in relation to radioactive exposure due to a greater level of sensitivity. Soil Contamination Following the nuclear disaster at Chernobyl 25 years ago, the Soviet government chose long-term evacuation over extensive decontamination. As a result, the area is non habitable and remains severely contaminated by radioactive fallout.In Japan, large areas of farmland and forests were contaminated following the accident. Lacking land for resettlement and facing public outrage, the Japanese government chose to embark on a decontamination effort of unprecedented scale. Japanese workers, power-sprayed buildings, scraped soil off fields, and removed fallen leaves and undergrowth from the woods ne ar houses, in an attempt to make Fukushima livable again. The Japanese Ministry of Environment estimated that Fukushima would have to dispose of 15 to 31 million cubic meters of contaminated soil and debris by the end of the econtamination process, with costs exceeding one trillion yen. The decontamination efforts were focused mostly on the radionuclides caesium-134 and caesium-137, with half-lives of 2 and 30 years, respectively. Although other radionuclides have been found in Japan, these two pose the greatest long term threat to human health through ingestion and external exposure. Radiocaesium has been found in all of Japan’s prefectures, but most highly concentrated within a 50 kilometer area northwest of the plant, and to a lesser extent throughout eastern and central Fukushima Prefecture.Marine & Groundwater Back flow and deliberate discharge of radioactive wastewater were released from the plant. Approximately 15 to 27 PBq (petabecquerel) of radioactive marine dischar ge resulted in the worst radioactive contamination of the Japanese coast in recorded history. The effect of dilution of the radioactive marine discharge may substantially reduce the impact radioactive fallout, but will inevitably to a greater area being contaminated at a lower concentration. Proceedings from the National Academy of Sciences of the U. S. A. ublished major findings on the detection of Fukushima-derived cesium-134 and cesium-137 throughout waters 30–600 km offshore, with Nuclear Energy: How Fukushima Changed Everything. 5 the highest radioactivity associated with near-shore eddies and the Kuroshio Current acting as a southern boundary for radioactive transport. Researchers concluded that even though cesium isotopes are elevated 10 to 1000 times over prior levels in waters off Japan, radiation risks due to these radionuclides are below those generally considered harmful to marine animals and human consumers, and even below those from naturally occurring radionucl ides.Food & Vegetation Radioactive contamination was found in fruits and vegetables grown in the affected region. Meat products originating from animals grazing on contaminated soil and destined to human consumption was found to be contaminated. Contamination was also detected in milk and tea, as well as, tap water in the Tokyo metropolitan area (the world’s largest city in terms of population). It has been determined that eating 500g of contaminated vegetables can cause internal exposure of 100 times the normal amount of radioactive food content for adults and more than 200 times for children.Fish and seafood caught in the North Pacific region was contaminated and showed clear accumulation of radioactivity in sea life higher up in the food chain within the months following the accident. Washout and bioaccumulation will continue to cause the radioactive contamination of marine animals for years to come due to the extended half life of certain radioactive elements. Although it is quite clear that this accident has had significant impacts on human health, soil, food, animal and marine life, it is still too early to accurately determine the full extent of the accident’s environmental impacts and the proper approach to remediation.Impacts on Nuclear Energy Development Nuclear power provides global carbon-free dispatchable base load generation and its continued growth is a major component in many forecasts for future greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) reductions. Nuclear energy accounts for 13. 5% of global electricity production as of 2012. This GHG reduction potential is one of the reasons for the much discussed â€Å"renaissance of Nuclear Energy: How Fukushima Changed Everything. 6 nuclear power†.It has been acknowledged that nuclear power represents a potential source for large quantities of carbon-free electricity production from plants that do not share the intermittency issues of solar and wind energy production. Two potential forces could adversely affect nuclear production projections postFukushima accident. Foremost, the accident may affect safety criteria and procedures for existing and new nuclear generating units. These changes could lead to increased associated costs. Second, the accident may have adverse affects on public opinion and potential political support for nuclear power.Hence, some countries could ultimately move away from nuclear energy on a political basis, making relicensing of new plants more difficult, leading to tighter safety criteria and delays in regulatory decisions. Determining what the long run responses will be globally and how they will affect the economics of nuclear power generation, as well as the politics associated with acceptance of nuclear power in different countries will remain uncertain for years to come. Prior to the Fukushima accident, it appeared that there was growing political acceptance of nuclear energy.In the world’s 3 largest nuclear economies (U. S. , France, J apan), extensions to licensing were in progress and associated operating lines of most existing plants were proceeding without much political opposition. In particular, Unit #1 of the Fukushima Daichii plant had just received a 10 year extension on its operating license months before the incident. As for new construction, major nuclear vendors were heavily promoting the latest generation 3 design as being safer and more economical than previous generations.Construction was beginning on new nuclear units in Finland and France, and commitments were being made to build new units in the U. K. China had also just made a major commitment to increase its production from 1% to 6% by 2020. India was also in the midst of piercing into the nuclear market, with the help of the U. S. , France and Russia. Additional construction was anticipated in South Korea, Japan and Taiwan. A number of developing countries were also beginning to show interest in integrating nuclear energy as a part of their e nergy portfolios.These countries included Abu Dhabi, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Chile, Venezuela and Vietnam amongst others. A number of considerations were driving this interest. Policies to promote low to zero carbon emitting energy sources and the intent of reaching C02 emissions reduction targets by Nuclear Energy: How Fukushima Changed Everything. 7 2020 and 2050 were having a positive effect on political decision making. In addition, significant improvements in the performance of nuclear plants in were enabling countries such as the U. S. to reach up to 90% capacity factors.Furthermore, the rise in fossil fuels and new generation reactors were promising higher safety ratings and lower construction costs. The reconsideration of Italy, Spain and Sweden on the use of nuclear power use and the growing interest in emerging countries to rapidly respond to increase in demand for electricity were also leading factors. All these reasons led experts into the optimistic belief that the world was on the verge of a new wave of investment in the nuclear energy sector. Since the Fukushima accident, detrimental impacts on expert optimism have been observed.Japan has permanently closed units 1-4 of the Fukushima Daichii plant and the status of units 5-6 remain uncertain. In addition, only 10 out of Japan’s 50 previously operational units are now operating, and there has been significant local opposition to returning them to service. Public support for Japan’s current nuclear power program is under considerable stress. Following the accident, most countries with major nuclear programs have moved quickly to perform short-term safety assessments of existing plants and have opted to launch longer term assessments of regulatory procedures and safety criteria.The situation in Japan remains uncertain. As the third largest nuclear program worldwide, a decision to move away from nuclear energy with Germany would have a definite material effect on f uture development trends. Any tightening of safety requirements resulting from the accident will only make the economic status of nuclear power less attractive. However, it has been observed that the Fukushima accident has had little effect on plans for unit construction in countries where significant nuclear programs were being planned prior to Fukushima.Some countries such as Taiwan, Chile, Israel and Venezuela have decided to not enter or re-enter the nuclear expansion business. On the other hand, current non-nuclear countries such as Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam and Abu Dhabi have recommitted to start building nuclear power plants. As for China, it is believed that its willingness to sacrifice on economics to meet energy security and environmental goals is still present. The setback is that China can not fail to meet safety requirements and this may constrain the rate at which its nuclear program can proceed. Nuclear Energy: How Fukushima Changed Everything. The Fukushima Daich ii nuclear accident will contribute to a reduction in future trends on the expansion of nuclear energy, but at this time these effects appear to be quite modest at the global level. For countries such as Germany, Switzerland and Japan, the effects are significant, but for most other countries, changes have not been currently made in their support for nuclear power. Due to significant loss of trust in reactor safety, the International Atomic Energy Agency reduced, in Juin 2011, the 2030 projection on the worldwide contribution of nuclear power by about 10%.Nuclear power has been the source of fear and excitement for decades, and what the Fukushima Daichii nuclear accident caused, first and foremost, was irreparable damage to the local communities of Japan and their surrounding environment. It is now clear that the international community may have dodged the bullet once again, however it seems as though they might not be getting a second chance. The potential for clean energy producti on with nuclear energy is undeniable, perhaps advancements in technology such as the development of Generation IV reactors will put nuclear energy back on the forefront of global energy production.Whether or not potential energy output outweighs the risks associated with future accidents differs based on personal perspective. The Gen IV International Forum will evaluate lessons learnt and integrate them in the design and safety criteria of the reactors under development, which are expected to be ready by mid-century. Inherent reactor safety features will become far more important as a result of the Fukushima accident. Furthermore, modular and smaller reactors, due to their lower in-core energy density, will probably gain in popularity.As we move forward, a dedicated and permanent effort is needed to regain trust by open, transparent and honest dialogue with the public on the risks and benefits of nuclear energy. Nuclear Energy: How Fukushima Changed Everything. 9 References Lincoln L. Davies. â€Å"Beyond Fukushima: Disasters, Nuclear Energy, and Energy Law. † Brigham Young University Law Review. (2011): 1937-1990. The Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission. â€Å"The National Diet of Japan. † (2012): 1-15. Dr. med. Alex Rosen. â€Å"Effects of the Fukushima nuclear meltdowns on environment and health. † (2012): 1-18. Paul L. Joskow & John E. Parsons. The Future of Nuclear Power After Fukushima†. MIT Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research. (2012): 1-30. Roland Schenkel. â€Å"Nuclear Energy Acceptance and Potential Role to Meet Future Energy Demand. Which Technical/Scientific Achievements Are Needed? †. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements. (2012): 356-364. Winifred Bird. â€Å"As Fukushima Cleanup Begins, Long-term Impacts are Weighed†. Yale Environment 360. (2012): 1. Karl K. Turekian et al. â€Å" Fukushima-derived radionuclides in the ocean and biota off Japan†. PNAS. (2012): 1-5. Nuclear Energy: How Fukushima Changed Everything. 10